As of July 27, 2019, searches for “Liver disease” and “Mesenchymal stem cell” or “Liver fibrosis” and “Mesenchymal stem cell” in PubMed, the number of related studies continued to grow from 1992 to 2019. Thus, pre-clinical and clinical trials are underway to determine the therapeutic potential and safety of MSC-based therapy in liver disease.įigure 1 The rise of MSC studies in liver disease and fibrosis.
Several animal studies already showed that MSCs can safely ameliorate liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and improve liver function ( 8- 11). Since firstly isolated from rodent bone marrow (BM) in 1976 ( 7), accumulating studies from in vitro and in vivo have revealed the potency of MSCs in liver disease ( Figure 1). The therapeutic advantages of MSCs include self-renewal, engraftment ability, immunomodulation, multilineage differentiation, and trophic factor secretion, which promote the repairment and regeneration of damaged tissue ( 3). MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that can be easily isolated from various tissue sources, expanded in vitro and are of inherently low immunogenicity ( 6). Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies to reverse fibrogenesis are urgently needed.Ĭell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been confirmed to have beneficial effects on liver fibrosis in several basic and clinical studies ( 5). However, shortage of donors, the high costs, and the long-term requirement for immunosuppressants to prevent rejection remain the major limitations in liver transplantation ( 4). At the end stage, liver fibrosis progress to cirrhosis, for which there is no effective therapy but liver transplantation only. Chronic damages such as viral hepatitis and alcohol impaired the hepatocytes as well as endothelial barrier, and induce the inflammatory cell infiltration, which leading to the extensive production of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) ( 3). Fibrosis is the most common events of all chronic and iterative liver injury ( 2). Liver disease account for 3.5% of all deaths worldwide every year ( 1). Keywords: Cirrhosis clinical application immunomodulatory effects liver fibrosis mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) We also discuss the mechanisms involved in MSC-dependent regulation of immune microenvironment in the context of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we summarise the properties of MSCs and their clinical application in the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although the precise mechanisms of MSC transplantation are still not fully understood, accumulating evidence has indicated that MSCs eliminate the progression of fibrosis due to their immune-modulatory properties. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapy has been suggested as an attractive therapeutic option for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, based on the promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. Because of the limitations of liver transplantation, alternative therapeutic strategies are an urgent need to find. Advanced fibrosis leads to cirrhosis for which no effective treatment is available except liver transplantation. Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research MisconductĪbstract: Liver fibrosis represents a common outcome of most chronic liver diseases.Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process.The MELD system prioritizes people waiting for a transplant based on the severity of their condition and how urgently they may need a transplant. Mayo Clinic researchers originally proposed, designed and tested the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease ( MELD). Researchers are studying the potential of regenerating liver cells in pigs and mice, to grow enough cells to be used in the device. However, the bioartificial liver requires a large number of regenerated liver cells, and it's difficult to grow enough human liver cells for the device in a laboratory. The bioartificial liver potentially may be used before a liver transplant to support liver function until a liver transplant is available, or to give the recipient's liver time to recover its function. Researchers are developing a bioartificial liver, a device that uses regenerated liver cells to replace the liver function in people who have acute liver failure. Researchers study how reprogrammed stem cells can be turned into specialized cells that can replace, repair or regenerate diseased liver cells. Researchers also study potential ways of using stem cell therapy, or regenerative medicine, to treat liver failure and liver diseases.
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